Wheelchairs are a vital mobility aid for people with disabilities or injuries that limit their ability to walk or move around. While manual wheelchairs are still in use, electric wheelchairs have become increasingly popular due to their ease of use and convenience. 

One of the most critical components of an electric wheelchair is the battery that powers it. Lithium-ion batteries have recently become the preferred choice for powering electric wheelchairs due to their numerous benefits. 

In this blog post, we’ll explore why wheelchairs use lithium batteries and answer some common questions.

The History of Electric Wheelchairs

Electric wheelchairs have a rich history from the early 20th century. Here’s a brief overview of the evolution of electric wheelchairs over time:

The first electric wheelchairs were developed in the early 1900s and were powered by lead-acid batteries. These early models were large and heavy, making them difficult to maneuver and transport. However, they provided a new level of independence and mobility for wheelchair users previously limited to manual wheelchairs.

In the mid-20th century, technological advancements led to the development of smaller, more lightweight electric wheelchairs. The use of transistor technology made it possible to create more efficient motors and batteries, which led to more compact and powerful electric wheelchairs. These innovations made it easier for wheelchair users to navigate their environments and helped to increase their independence and mobility.

In the 1970s, advancements in control technology made it possible for wheelchair users to operate their chairs with greater precision and ease. Introducing joystick controls and other user-friendly features helped make electric wheelchairs more accessible to a broader range of users.

Today, electric wheelchairs continue to evolve and improve, with advancements in battery technology, motor efficiency, and other vital components. Modern electric wheelchairs are lightweight, compact, and highly maneuverable, making it possible for wheelchair users to navigate a wide range of environments with ease.

What Are Lithium Batteries?

Before we delve into the reasons behind the use of lithium batteries in wheelchairs, let’s take a moment to understand what lithium batteries are.

A lithium battery is rechargeable and uses lithium ions as its primary component. The battery consists of a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte. Lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode when the battery is charged through the electrolyte, storing energy. When discharged, the process is reversed, and the lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode, releasing energy.

Lithium batteries are known for their high energy density, which means they can store a significant amount of energy in a small package. They are also known for their long cycle life, which means they can be charged and discharged many times without losing capacity.

Why Do Wheelchairs Use Lithium Batteries?

Now that we have a basic understanding of lithium batteries let’s explore why wheelchairs use them.

Lightweight and Compact

One of the most significant advantages of lithium batteries is their lightweight and compact size. Lithium batteries are much lighter than other types of batteries, such as lead-acid batteries. This makes them an ideal choice for wheelchairs as they reduce the overall weight of the chair, making it easier to maneuver.

Additionally, lithium batteries are much more compact than other types of batteries, which means they can be easily integrated into the design of the wheelchair. This is especially important for power wheelchairs, where space is premium.

High Energy Density

Lithium batteries have a high energy density, meaning they can store a lot of energy in a small package. This is especially important for wheelchairs, as it allows them to travel long distances on a single charge. This is particularly important for those who rely on their wheelchairs for their daily activities.

The high energy density of lithium batteries also means that they can deliver a lot of power in a short amount of time. This is important for electric wheelchairs, which require a lot of energy to move.

Long Cycle Life

Lithium batteries have a long cycle life, which means they can be charged and discharged many times without losing capacity. This is important for wheelchairs as they are used frequently and need to be recharged often. With a long cycle life, lithium batteries can last for many years, reducing the need for frequent battery replacements.

Low Maintenance

Lithium batteries require very little maintenance compared to other types of batteries, such as lead-acid batteries. This is because they don’t require regular top-up charging, and they don’t need to be fully discharged before recharging. This means that the user can simply charge the battery as needed without worrying about damaging the battery.

They don’t require regular maintenance, such as watering, which is necessary for lead-acid batteries. This makes them an ideal choice for those who may not have the ability or desire to perform regular maintenance tasks.

Safe and Reliable

Lithium batteries are generally considered safe and reliable when used correctly. They are less likely to leak or spill than other types of batteries, which makes them a safer choice for wheelchairs. Additionally, lithium batteries are less prone to sulfation, which is a common problem with lead-acid batteries.

Lithium batteries have built-in safety features, such as overcharge and over-discharge protection. These features help prevent damage to the battery and ensure that it operates safely.

Environmentally Friendly

Lithium batteries are considered more environmentally friendly than other types of batteries, such as lead-acid batteries. This is because they don’t contain toxic chemicals, such as lead and acid, which can harm the environment. Lithium batteries are also easier to dispose of and recycle than other batteries.

Better Performance in Extreme Temperatures

Lithium batteries perform better than other types of batteries in extreme hot and cold temperatures. This is important for wheelchairs as they may be used in a variety of weather conditions. Lithium batteries can maintain their performance even in extreme temperatures, which ensures that the wheelchair can continue to operate as intended.

FAQs about Lithium-Ion Wheelchair Batteries

Now that we’ve discussed why electric wheelchairs use lithium batteries let’s answer some common questions.

Can I use any type of lithium battery in my wheelchair?

No, you should not use just any lithium battery in your wheelchair. Use a lithium battery specifically designed for use in wheelchairs or other mobility devices.

Wheelchair batteries are designed to meet particular safety and performance standards to ensure they operate safely and efficiently in a mobility device. Using a lithium battery not intended for use in a wheelchair could result in reduced performance, shortened lifespan, or even safety hazards.

Additionally, different types of lithium batteries have different voltage and capacity ratings. Choose a lithium battery compatible with your wheelchair’s electrical system that meets your power requirements.

Before purchasing a lithium battery for your wheelchair, consult with Towsonbattery Professional Customer Service Team to ensure you choose a battery that is appropriate for your needs and meets the necessary safety and performance standards.

How long do lithium batteries last in wheelchairs?

The lifespan of a lithium battery can vary depending on several factors, including usage patterns, charging practices, and environmental conditions. On average, a lithium battery used in a wheelchair can last anywhere from five to ten years, although some batteries may last longer.

Follow the best charging and maintenance practices to extend a lithium battery’s lifespan. This includes avoiding overcharging or undercharging the battery, avoiding exposure to extreme temperatures, and keeping the battery clean and dry.

How do I maintain the lithium battery for my wheelchair?

Maintaining your lithium battery is essential to ensuring optimal performance and longevity. Here are some tips on how to preserve your lithium battery for your wheelchair:

1. Charge the battery regularly: Lithium batteries do not require regular top-up charging like lead-acid batteries but should still be charged regularly. Charging the battery when it reaches around 50% capacity is recommended to prevent over-discharging. Do not let the battery completely discharge, as this can damage the battery.
2. Use the correct charger: Always use a charger designed for lithium batteries that match the voltage and capacity rating of your wheelchair battery. Using the wrong type of charger can damage the battery and affect its performance.
3. Store the battery correctly: When not in use, store the battery in a cool and dry place. Avoid exposing the battery to extreme temperatures, which can damage the battery. If you need to store the battery for an extended period, charge it to around 50% capacity before storing it.
4. Keep the battery clean: Wipe the battery with a clean and dry cloth regularly to remove dirt and debris. Do not use water or other cleaning solutions, which can damage the battery.
5. Avoid physical damage: Do not drop or puncture the battery, damaging the internal components and affecting its performance. Avoid crushing, and keep it away from sharp objects or other items that could damage it.
6. Check the battery regularly: Check the battery regularly for signs of damage, such as swelling or leakage. If you notice any damage, stop using the battery and replace it immediately.
7. Replace the battery when necessary: Lithium batteries have a lifespan of several years, but they will eventually need to be replaced. When the battery starts to lose capacity, it is time to replace it with a new one.

Can I recharge my lithium battery while it’s still partially charged?

Yes, you can recharge your lithium battery while it’s still partially charged. In fact, lithium batteries do not need to be fully discharged before recharging like some other types of batteries, such as nickel-cadmium (NiCad) batteries.

Lithium batteries are designed to be charged as needed and do not suffer from the “memory effect” common with older battery types. The memory effect is the battery capacity loss when a battery is not fully discharged before recharging.

You can recharge lithium batteries at any time, regardless of their current state of charge. In fact, it is recommended to charge the battery before it gets too low to prevent over-discharging, which can damage the battery and reduce its lifespan.

However, use the correct type of charger to avoid overcharging the battery. Always use a charger that is designed for lithium batteries and matches the voltage and capacity rating of your wheelchair battery. Overcharging the battery can cause it to overheat, damaging the battery and affecting its performance. To prevent overcharging, use a charger with overcharge protection or a smart charger that automatically stops charging when the battery is fully charged.

Why Electric Wheelchair Users Choose Lithium-Ion Batteries

While other types of batteries are available for wheelchairs, lithium batteries have become the go-to power source for several reasons. First, they are lightweight and compact, have a high energy density, and long cycle life, require very little maintenance and are safe and reliable. Additionally, they are environmentally friendly and perform better in extreme temperatures.

However, follow best practices for charging and maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity of the battery. Furthermore, while the cost of lithium batteries may be higher upfront, they can result in cost savings over time due to their longer lifespan and lower maintenance requirements.

As technology advances, there may be even more innovations in battery technology that could improve the performance and efficiency of wheelchair batteries. Nonetheless, for now, lithium batteries remain the top choice for their reliability, safety, and performance.